Email Address:
jkrause@disl.org
Phone Number:
(251) 861-2141 Ext:7577
Personal Website

Dr. Jeffrey Krause

Associate Professor

Marine Sciences

Bio

Associate Professor, University of South Alabama
Senior Marine Scientist II, Dauphin Island Sea Lab
Ph.D. 2008, College of Oceanic & Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University

Emphasis: Phytoplankton ecology, physiology and marine biogeochemistry

Research Interests

While phytoplankton may not sound important, nothing could be further from the truth. Phytoplankton give us the three “F”s:

"Fumes” to breathe, specifically oxygen. In fact, phytoplankton provide the oxygen in 1 of every 2 breaths we take, the rest comes from land plants.
"Food” to eat. Like plants on land, phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic food web, meaning nearly all animal life in the ocean ultimately depends on phytoplankton producing food through process of photosynthesis.
"Fuel” to our way of life. Many people joke that crude oil comes from dinosaurs, but crude oil is actually the ancient remains of phytoplankton which have been compressed and modified by the environment over millions of years.

While my research is diverse, I am best known for studying diatoms, a group of phytoplankton which have a characteristic shell made of glass. Diatoms are important because:

Globally, this group alone produces as much of the oxygen as all the rain forests combined.
Diatoms are the dominant group of phytoplankton in regions with the most productive fisheries (e.g., Northern Gulf of Mexico, Monterey Bay, Peru).
Diatoms have many industrial applications including livestock feed and toothpaste additives, to micro- and nanotechnology including computing and pharmaceutical applications.
Diatom shells are a marvel of nature’s creativity and engineering.

Current Funded Research Projects

“COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Understanding substrate limitation and Lithium and Silicon isotope fractionation during secondary clay formation in marine systems.” National Science Foundation: Chemical Oceanography and Marine Geology/Geophysics. PI: Krause, J.W., Wang, X. Part of Collaborative Research Project, led by Krause, with Y. Tang (Georgia Institute of Technology).
“Ridges – Safe havens for ice-associated flora and fauna in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic Ocean” (HAVOC). Research Council of Norway. Subaward Lead: Krause, J.W.
“Peering into nature’s glass boxes - using nano-Raman spectroscopy to answer novel questions in diatom-focused environmental research.” National Science Foundation: EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Improvement. PI: Krause, J.W.

Publications

Pickering, R.A., L. Cassarino, K.R. Hendry, X.L. Wang, K. Maiti, J.W. Krause. Using Stable Isotopes to Disentangle Marine Sedimentary Signals in Reactive Silicon Pools. Geophysical Research Letters. 47, e2020GL087877. doi: 10.1029/2020GL087877.
Cox, T.E., Cebrian, J., Tabor, M., West, L., Krause, J.W.. Do diatoms dominate benthic production in shallow systems? A case study from a mixed seagrass bed. Limnology and Oceanography: Letters doi: 10.1002/lol2.10167
Saad, E.M., R. A. Pickering, K. Shoji, M.I. Hossain, T. G. Glover, J.W. Krause*, and Y. Tang (*Corresponding author). Effect of Cleaning Methods on the Reactivity of Diatom Frustules. Marine Chemistry. 224, 103286. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103826.
Marquez, I.A., Abraham, A., Krause, J.W.. Organic polymer consumption facilitates domoic acid entry into the marine food web without direct ingestion of Pseudo-nitzschia. Harmful Algae. 98, 101891. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101891.
Krause, J.W., M. A. Brzezinski, J.L. Largier, H.M. McNair, M. Maniscalco, K.D. Bidle, A.E. Allen, and K. Thamatrakoln. The interaction of physical and biological factors as drivers of phytoplankton spatial distribution in the northern California Current. Limnology and Oceanography. doi:10.1002/lno.11431.
Krause, J.W. and M.W. Lomas. Understanding diatoms' past and future biogeochemical role in high‐latitude seas. Geophysical Research Letters. 47, e2019GL085602. doi: 10.1029/2019GL085602.
Agustí, S., J.W. Krause, I.A. Marquez, P. Wassmann, S. Kristiansen, and C.M. Duarte . Arctic (Svalbard Islands) Active and Exported Diatom Stocks and Cell Health Status. Biogeosciences. 17:35–45. doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-35-2020.
Chaplin, C.C., M. Tabor, I.A. Marquez, K. Maiti, and J.W. Krause . Resuscitation of Microalgae from Mississippi River Plume Sediments. Gulf and Caribbean Research. 30, SC28-SC41. doi: 10.18785/gcr.3001.15.
Krause, J.W., I.K. Schulz, K. A. Rowe, W. Dobbins, M. Winding, M. Sejr, C.M. Duarte, and S. Agustí . Silicic acid limitation drives bloom termination and potential carbon sequestration in an Arctic bloom. Scientific Reports. 9. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44587-4.
Deleon, S.N., J.W. Krause, and R. Baker. Variability in microphytobenthos biomass and carbon isotopic values in shallow coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf and Caribbean Research. 30, SC22-SC27. doi: 10.18785/gcr.3001.11.
Stukel, M.R., T.B. Kelly, L.I. Aluwihare, K.A. Barbeau, R. Goericke, J.W. Krause, M.R. Landry, and M.D. Ohman. The Carbon: 234Thorium ratios of sinking particles in the California Current Ecosystem 1: Relationships with plankton ecosystem dynamics. Marine Chemistry. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2019.01.003.
Redalje, D., J. Ammerman, J. Cable, J. Herrera, A. Knapp, J.W. Krause, D. Valdes, and A. Hayward. Nutrients in the Gulf of Mexico: Distributions, Cycles, Sources, Sinks and Processes. In Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota. Volume 5, Chemical Oceanography. Ed: T. S. Bianchi. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. (ISBN-13: 978-1623497743).
Kranzler, C.F., J. W. Krause, M. A. Brzezinski, B. R. Edwards, W. P. Biggs, M. Maniscalco, J. P. McCrow, B. A. S. Van Mooy, K. D. Bidle, A. E. Allen, and K. Thamatrakoln . Silicon limitation facilitates virus infection and mortality of marine diatoms. Nature Microbiology. 4, 1790–1797. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0502-x.
Hendry, K. R., Huvenne, V. A. I., Robinson, L. F., Annett, A., Badger, M., Jacobel, A. W., Ng, H.C., Opher, J., Pickering, R. A., Taylor, M. L., Bates, S. L., Cooper, A., Cushman, G. G., Goodwin, C., Hoy, S., Rowland, G., Samperiz, A., Williams, J. A., Achterberg, E. P., Arrowsmith, C., Brearley, J. A., Henley, S. F., Krause, J.W., Leng, M. J., Li, T., McManus, J. F., Meredith, M. P., Perkins, R., Woodward, E. M.. Isotope Cycling in the Labrador Sea: Tracing the biogeochemical pathway of glacial meltwater from Southwest Greenland. Progress in Oceanography. 176, 102126. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102126.
Lomas, M.W., S.E. Baer, S. Acton, and J.W. Krause. Pumped up by the Cold: Elemental Quotas and Stoichiometry of Polar Diatoms. Frontiers in Marine Science. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00197
Gancel, H.N., R.H. Carmichael, K. Park, J.W. Krause, and S. Rikard. Field Mark-Recapture of Calcein-Stained Larval Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in a Freshwater-Dominated Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts. doi.org/10.1007/s12237-019-00582-6.
Ohnemus, D.C., J.W. Krause, M.A. Brzezinski, J.L. Collier, S.B. Baines, and B.S. Twining. The chemical form of silicon in marine Synechococcus Marine Chemistry. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2018.08.004.
McNair, H.M., M.A. Brzezinski, and J.W. Krause . Diatom populations in an upwelling environment decrease silica content to avoid growth limitation Environmental Microbiology. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.14431.
Krause, J.W., C.M. Duarte, I.A. Marquez, P. Assmy, M. Fernández-Méndez, I. Wiedmann, P. Wassmann, S. Kristiansen, and S. Agustí. Biogenic silica production and diatom dynamics in the Svalbard region during spring Biogeosciences 15, 6503-6517. doi: 10.5194/bg-15-6503-2018.
McNair, H.M., M.A. Brzezinski, C.P. Till, and J.W. Krause. Taxa-specific contributions to silica production in natural diatom assemblages Limnology and Oceanography 63(3), 1056-1075. doi: 10.1002/lno.10754.
Greer, A.T., A.M. Shiller, E.E. Hofmann, J.D. Wiggert, S.J. Warner, S.M. Parra, C. Pan, J.W. Book, D. Joung, S. Dykstra, J.W. Krause, B. Dzwonkowski, I.M. Soto, M.K. Cambazoglu, A.L. Deary, C. Briseño-Avena, A.D. Boyette, et al. . Functioning of coastal river-dominated ecosystems and implications for oil spill response: From observations to mechanisms and models Oceanography 31(3). doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2018.302.
Biard, T., J.W. Krause, M.R. Stukel, and M.D. Ohman. The significance of giant phaeodarians (Rhizaria) to biogenic silica export in the California Current Ecosystem Global Biogeochemical Cycles 32(6), 987-1004. doi: 10.1029/2018GB005877.
Stukel, M.R., T. Biard, J.W. Krause, and M.D. Ohman. Large Phaeodaria in the Twilight Zone: Their Role in the Carbon Cycle Limnology and Oceanography 63(6), 2579-2594. doi: 10.1002/lno.10961.

Krause, J., E. Darrow, R. Pickering, R. H. Carmichael, A. Larson, J. Basaldua. Reactive Silica Fractions in Coastal Lagoon Sediments from the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Cont. Shelf Res. 151(2017):8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2017.09.014
Brzezinski, M.A., J.W. Krause, S.B. Baines, J.L. Collier, D.C. Ohnemus, and B.S. Twining . Patterns and Regulation of Silicon Accumulation in Synechococcus spp Journal of Phycology 53 (4), 746-761. doi: 10.1111/jpy.12545.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, S.B. Baines, J.L. Collier, B.S. Twining, and D.C. Ohnemus . Picoplankton contribution to biogenic silica stocks and production rates in the Sargasso Sea Global Biogeochemical Cycles 31, 762-774. doi: 10.1002/2017GB005619.
Ohnemus, D. C., S. Rauschenberg, J.W. Krause, M.A. Brzezinski, J.L. Collier, S. Geraci-Yee, S.B. Baines, and B.S. Twining. Silicon content of individual cells of Synechococcus from the North Atlantic Ocean Marine Chemistry 187, 16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2016.10.003.
Krause, J.W., M.R. Stukel, A.G. Taylor, D.A.A. Taniguchi, A. De Verneil, and M.R. Landry. Net biogenic silica production and the contribution of diatoms to new production and organic matter export in the Costa Rica Dome ecosystem Journal of Plankton Research, 38(2), 216-229. doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbv077.
Décima, M., M.R. Landry, M.R. Stukel, L. Lopez-Lopez, and J.W. Krause . Mesozooplankton biomass and grazing in the Costa Rica Dome: amplifying variability through the plankton food web Journal of Plankton Research 38(2), 317-300. doi: 10.1093/plankt/fbv091.
Barletta, R.E., J.W. Krause, T. Goodie, and H. El Sabae . The direct measurement of intracellular pigments in phytoplankton using resonance Raman spectroscopy Marine Chemistry 176, 164-173. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2015.09.005.
McNair, H.M., M.A. Brzezinski and J.W. Krause . Quantifying diatom silicification with the fluorescent dye, PDMPO Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 13 (10), 587-599. doi: 10.1002/lom3.10049.
Brzezinski, M.A., J.W. Krause, R.M. Bundy, K.A. Barbeau, P.J.S. Franks, R. Goericke, M.R. Landry, and M.R. Stukel. Variable influence of iron stress on siliceous biomass and silica production and silicon and carbon export in a frontal zone within the California Current Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans 120, 4654–4669, doi: 10.1002/2015JC010829.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, R. Goericke, M.R., Landry, M.D. Ohman, M.R. Stukel and A.G. Taylor . Variability in diatom contributions to biomass, organic matter production and export across a frontal gradient in the California Current Ecosystem Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans 120, 1032–1047, doi:10.1002/2014JC010472.
Baumann, M.S., S.B. Moran, M.W. Lomas, R.P. Kelly, D.W. Bell, and J.W. Krause. Diatom control of the autotrophic community and particle export in the eastern Bering Sea during the recent cold years (2008-2010) Journal of Marine Research 72, 405-444, doi: 10.1357/002224014815540679.
Wilson, C., T.A. Villareal, M.A. Brzezinski, J.W. Krause, and A.Y. Shcherbina. Chlorophyll bloom development and the Subtropical Front in the North Pacific Journal of Geophysical Research Ocean 118 (3), 1473 -1488. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20143.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, D. A. Siegel, and R.C. Thunell. Biogenic silica standing stock and export in the Santa Barbara Channel ecosystem Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans 118 (2), 736 -749. doi:10.1029/2012JC008070.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, T.A. Villareal, and C. Wilson. Biogenic silica cycling during summer phytoplankton blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Deep -Sea Research I 71, 49 -60. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.09.002.
Baines, S.B., B.S. Twining, M.A. Brzezinski, J.W. Krause, S. Vogt, D. Assael, and H. McDaniel. Significant silicon accumulation by marine picocyanobacteria. Nature Geoscience 5, 886 -891 doi: 10.1038/ngeo1641.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, T.A. Villareal, and C. Wilson. Increased kinetic efficiency for silicic acid uptake as a driver of summer diatom blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre Limnology and Oceanography 57 (4), 1084 -1098. doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1084.
Villareal T.A., C.G. Brown, M.A. Brzezinski, J.W. Krause, and C. Wilson. Summer Diatom Blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: 2008–2009 PLoS ONE 7, e33109. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033109.
Brzezinski, M.A., J.W. Krause, M.J. Church, D. M. Karl, B. Li, J.L. Jones, and B. Updyke. The annual silica cycle of the north Pacific subtropical gyre Deep -Sea Research I 58, 988 -1001. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.08.001.
Krause, J.W., M.A. Brzezinski, and J.L. Jones. Application of low -level beta counting of 32Si for the measurement of silica production rates in aquatic environments Marine Chemistry 127, 40 -47. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2011.07.001.
Krause, J.W., D.M. Nelson, and M.A. Brzezinski. Biogenic silica production and diatoms’ estimated contribution to primary production and nitrate uptake in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean Deep -Sea Research II 58 (3 -4) 434 -448, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.010.
Brzezinski, M.A., S.B. Baines, W.M. Balch, C.P. Beucher, F. Chai, R.C. Dugdale, J.W. Krause, M.R. Landry, A. Marchi, C.I. Measures, D.M. Nelson, A. E. Parker, A. J. Poulton, K. E. Selph, P.G. Strutton, A. G. Taylor, and B. S. Twining. Co -limitation of diatoms by iron and silicic acid in the equatorial Pacific Deep -Sea Research II 58 (3 -4) 493 -511, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.005.
Demarest, M.S., M.A. Brzezinski, D.M. Nelson, J.W. Krause, J.L. Jones, and C. Beucher. Net biogenic silica production and nitrate regeneration determine the strength of the silica pump in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Deep -Sea Research II 58 (3 -4) 462 -476, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.007
Krause, J.W., Brzezinski, M.A., Landry, M.R., Baines, S.B., Nelson, D.M., Selph, K.E., Taylor, A.G., Twining, B.S.. The effects of biogenic silica detritus, zooplankton grazing, and diatom size structure on Si -cycling in the euphotic zone of the eastern equatorial Pacific Limnology & Oceanography 55 (6) 2608 -2622, doi:10.4319/lo2010.55.6.2608
Krause, J.W., D.M. Nelson, and M.W. Lomas. Production, dissolution, accumulation, and potential export of biogenic silica in a Sargasso Sea mode -water eddy Limnology & Oceanography 55 (2), 569 -579, doi: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.2.0569.
Krause, J.W., M.W. Lomas, and D.M. Nelson. Biogenic silica at the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study site in the Sargasso Sea: Temporal changes and their inferred controls based on a 15-year record Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23, GB3004, doi:10.1029/2008GB003236
Maiti, K., C.R. Benitez-Nelson, M.W. Lomas, and J.W. Krause. Biogeochemical responses to late -winter storms in the Sargasso Sea. III. Estimates of export production using 234Th:238U disequilibria and sediment traps Deep -Sea Research I 56 (6), 875 -891, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.008.
Krause, J.W., D.M. Nelson, and M.W. Lomas. Biogeochemical responses to late -winter storms in the Sargasso Sea. II. Increased rates of biogenic silica production and export Deep -Sea Research I 56 (6), 861 -874, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.01.002.
Lomas, M.W., F. Lipschultz, D.M. Nelson, J.W. Krause, and N.R. Bates. Biogeochemical responses to late-winter storms in the Sargasso Sea. I. Pulses of primary and new production Deep -Sea Research I 56 (6), 843 -860, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.09.002.
Lomas, M.W., N. Roberts, F. Lipschultz, J.W. Krause, D.M. Nelson, and N.R. Bates. Biogeochemical responses to late -winter storms in the Sargasso Sea. IV. Rapid succession of major phytoplankton groups Deep -Sea Research I 56 (6), 891 -908, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.03.004
Krause, J.W.. Silicon biogeochemistry in the open -ocean surface waters : insights from the Sargasso Sea and equatorial Pacific Oregon State University, Ph.D. Dissertation.
Brzezinski, M.A., C. Dumousseaud, J.W. Krause, C.I. Measures, and D.M. Nelson. Iron and silicic acid concentrations together regulate Si uptake in the equatorial Pacific Ocean Limnology & Oceanography 53 (3), 875 -889, doi: 10.4319/lo.2008.53.3.0875.
Gobler, C.J., L.A. Cullison, F. Koch, T. Harder, and J.W. Krause. Influence of freshwater flow, ocean exchange, and seasonal cycles on phytoplankton " nutrient dynamics in a temporarily open estuary Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science 65, 275 -288, doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.05.016.

Courses

Biological Oceanography (Graduate, University of South Alabama)
Physiology and Ecology of Marine Microalgae (Graduate, University of South Alabama)
Introduction to Oceanography

Current Lab Personnel:

Bates, Cassie (Lab Manager), Dauphin Island Sea Lab
Aug. 2020- present, Supervisor
Cannon, Randi (Ph.D.), University of South Alabama
Aug. 2019- present, Co-advisor
Cole, Liesl (M.S.), University of South Alabama
July 2015- present, Co-advisor
Halstead, Kyle (M.S.), University of South Alabama
Aug. 2017- present, Co-advisor
Marquez, Israel (Ph.D.), University of South Alabama
July 2015- present, Advisor
Morrison, Blair (M.S.), University of South Alabama
Jan. 2019- present, Co-advisor
Rellinger, Alison (Ph.D.), University of South Alabama
Aug. 2010- present, Committee Chair
Smith, Alexandra (Ph.D.), University of South Alabama
Aug. 2017- present, Co-advisor